摘 要

虽然《远离尘嚣》是英国作家托马斯·哈代的第四部小说，但却是他第一部在文学上大获成功的小说。这部小说主要讲述了美丽、骄傲、充满活力的芭丝谢芭与三个追求者之间一系列坎坷而悲惨的爱情故事：勤劳能干、诚实寡言的农场主盖博瑞尔，年轻英俊的花花公子特洛伊中士，富有而固执的中年农场主伯德伍德。本论文旨在分析芭丝谢芭和盖博瑞尔两人之间的关系，阐述并分析他们对于小说所处时代背景的道德规范、女性与男性的关系的不同理解，对于爱情和婚姻的不同观点。另外，本论文试图以此为基础探索哈代的写作动机，探讨蕴藏在小说背后作者的婚姻、爱情观，对女性的同情，对父权制的批评。

关键词：两性，道德规范，婚恋，写作动机，父权制

Contents

1. Introduction...............................................................................................................1

2. Demonstration...........................................................................................................3

2.1. Gabriel’s Perceptions Concerning Love and Marriage ..........................................3

2.1.1 Marriage and Love Should Conform to Ethical Norms........................................3

2.1.2 Women Are Men’s Property..................................................................................5

2.1.3 Marriage and Love Are Practical..........................................................................6

2.2. Bathsheba’s Concepts of Love and Marriage.........................................................7

2.2.1 Women Are Independent of Men..........................................................................8

2.2.2 Women Are Free to Choose Love and Marriage..................................................9

2.2.3 Marriage and Love Should BE Ideal and Romantic...........................................10

2.3. The Writer’s Creative Motive...............................................................................10

2.3.1 Criticism of Male Domination ...........................................................................11

2.3.2 Sympathy for Women………………….............................................................12

2.3.3 Possible Marital Relationship between Men and Women...................................13

3. Conclusion...............................................................................................................14

Differences between Sexes in Perception of Love and Marriage: An Analysis of Relationship between Gabriel and Bathsheba in Far from the Madding Crowd

1. Introduction

Thomas Hardy, (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet whose life spanned two centuries. Hardy started literature writing in 1862. Hardy’s first novel was The Desperate Remedies in 1874, while his first successful novel was his fourth novel Far from the Madding Crowd in 1874. The quick and great success encouraged Hardy to concentrate on writing fiction. Hardy wrote about 20 novels during his life. The well-known ones were the Wessex novels and “novels of character and environment”, such as The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), The Return of the Native (1878), Tess of the d‘Urbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure (1895). Hardy’s works were influenced by Romanticism and Realism. His writing was full of sympathy for rural people in Britain. Hardy described the great changes of politics, economy and conventions in English rural towns after the invasion of capitalism. The novels reflected the conflicts between people and the environment. Hardy showed his deep concern for England’s lower classes, particularly for women. He focused on their religious beliefs, personality, education and marriage, and he often portrayed individual females who had independent personality and had the courage to fight against their unfair fate, but in the end, who usually failed to defeat the society and environment. Hardy showed in his novels his perception of capitalism, Industrial Revolution, love and marriage and so on.

Far from the Madding Crowd was the breakthrough in Hardy’s writing career. Like the rest of his fictional works, the novel presented Hardy’s concern for individual women, the conflict between people and environment, love and marriage, capitalism and feminism. The novel told a series of ill-fated love stories between beautiful, headstrong girl Bathsheba Everdene and her three quite different suitors: the honest, hard-working shepherd Gabriel Oak, young and handsome soldier, Francis Troy, and the wealthy, but stubborn middle-aged farmer Boldwood. Those characters all had their own perception of love and marriage. After a series of unfortunate incidents, at last, Bathsheba, the woman who hated the institution of marriage in Victorian England, married Gabriel, the hard-working, reserved shepherd, giving the story a seemingly happy ending.