摘 要

“口误”是言语活动中经常发生的一种语言现象。口误的研究不仅对语言的学习起到促进作用，而且还可以帮助我们了解语言产生的过程。另外,口误的研究属于心理语言学的研究领域。由于语言产生的研究要受到研究方法上的限制，因此，要渗透到语言现象的内在本质是很困难的。然而，从心理语言学的角度对口误进行研究是很有必要的。作为中国喜剧小品之王，言语幽默是赵本山喜剧小品的灵魂。因此，本文以赵本山喜剧小品中的口误现象为例，通过分析口误的产生，特点和分类，揭示口误带来的幽默效果，并对其作出合理的心理语言学阐释。

关键词：口误；心理语言学；喜剧小品；幽默效果

Contents

1. Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------1

2. Demonstration-----------------------------------------------------------------3

2.1 Relevant theories of psycholinguistics on tongue slips------------------3

2.1.1 The definitions of tongue slips---------------------------------------3

2.1.2 The causes of tongue slips--------------------------------------------4

2.1.2.1 Psychological factor------------------------------------------4

2.1.2.2 Cognitive factor-----------------------------------------------4

2.1.3 The characteristics of tongue slips-----------------------------------5

2.1.4 The classification of tongue slips------------------------------------6

2.2 Tongue slips in comic sketches---------------------------------------------7

2.2.1 The characteristics of tongue slips in comic sketches-------------8

2.2.2 The classifications of tongue slips in comic sketches-------------8

2.3 The humor of tongue slips in comic sketches-----------------------------9

2.3.1 The definition of humor-------------------------------------- -------10

2.3.2 The humor of tongue slips-------------------------------------------10

3.Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------12

Works Cited-----------------------------------------------------------------------14

Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------15

A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Humor of

Tongue Slips

1.Introduction

Spoken language is different from written language, which needs to be planned extemporarily and expressed on the spot, so spoken language is not as smooth and correct as written language, and filled with all kinds of speech errors such as linguistic errors, language pauses, repeated statements and so on, tongue slip is one kind of them. Because there are various language rules in spoken language, almost everyone has the experience of speech errors. The research of tongue slips can help us understand the process of language production, reveal the psychological reality of linguistic units and help us make relatively reasonable judgment on all sorts of theories or doctrines, at the same time, also plays a great role in language learning. So the research of tongue slips is very meaningful.

The research of tongue slips belongs to the researching field of psycholinguistics. Language production, language comprehension and language acquisition are the three important research directions of psycholinguistics, and tongue slips mainly belong to the domain of language production and language comprehension. Currently, the methods of language research are mainly the observation of the natural language, including observing the spontaneous language of normal people and people with language barrier. Because the research of language production is restricted by research methods, it is difficult to penetrate into the deep inside of these language phenomena. However, it is very necessary to research tongue slips from the perspective of psycholinguistics.

The scientific researches of tongue slips began in early 1970s when American V. Fromkin’s important thesis The Non-anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterance(1971). The thesis started using speech errors to observe the role of language unit in speech output and establish the approach to the study of language, which removed the science community’s suspicion. After that, he collected and analyzed more than 8000 tongue slips in English language, and divided them into the following eight categories: shift, exchange, anticipation, preservation, addition, deletion, substitution and blend. In addition, western scholars R. Brown and E. H. Sturtevant did more studies on speech errors existing in English and reached a certain consensus on the research goal and research methods, and they has made considerable headway in the end.

By contrast, the domestic researches on tongue slips of Chinese started relatively late, more influential are as follows: Shen Jiaxuan’s Types of tongue slips(1992) was the first domestic article to systematically classify the tongue slips of Chinese; In Zhang Ning’s The study of language and tongue slips(1990), he proposed the definition of tongue slips and illustrated the position and research value of tongue slips in language production. And in his The category of Chinese tongue slips(1994), the classification of Chinese tongue slips were expounded in detail; Chen Yi’s Modern Chinese tongue slips(2002) broke the limitation of the research perspective, building classification system of tongue slips from various perspectives. Although the domestic researches on tongue slips are not few, but most of the research objects and references are unrepresentative. Therefore, the researches on the language production and the type of tongue slips have not reached a consensus.

Comic sketch is a kind of art form, which shows the character’s personality and characteristics through clear language and performance. Since the 1980s, comic sketch has been welcomed and loved by the society from all walks of life. From the proportion of overall programs and sketches in CCTV Spring Festival Gala Evening, sketch accounts for more than two-thirds of all the programs, which is enough to illustrate the important status of sketch in the audience. As a Chinese comic sketch king, Zhao Benshan’s comic sketch also became an indispensable meal of the eve of the lunar year, known as “Zhao’s sketch”. “Zhao’s sketch”, with its peculiar humor, conquered the hundreds of millions of audiences and became popular and enduring. Verbal humor is the soul of Zhao Benshan’s comic sketches. Most comic sketches make people inspired and instructive in laughter by using enough humor. Therefore, when understanding the humorous effects of tongue slips in a comic sketch, we learn that language cannot be the same as the understanding of daily language.

Combined with the researches of tongue slips both at home and abroad, this thesis, taking the tongue slips of Zhao Benshan’s comic sketches for examples, illustrates the humor of tongue slips through analyzing the production, characteristics and classifications of tongue slips, and make a reasonable psycholinguistic explanation. With a new perspective, this research sheds a light on the comprehension of Chinese comic sketches.