摘 要

文化无时无刻不在各个方面影响着人际关系。人际关系指社会人群在相互交往的过程中，发生、发展和确立的人与人之间心理与行为上的各种关系。如亲属关系、同事关系、师生关系、领导与被领导的关系。今日社会往往强调多元文化脉络下的不同影响，随着科技的不断进步，媒体信息的传播，交通工具的发达，人际关系的处理随着文化的多元而显得尤为突出。

内群体与外群体对待人际关系也有不同的处理方式。内群体认为人脉是很好的资源，可以利用人脉关系来找到合适自己的工作，得到自己想要的生活。外群体认为只有将自己变成内群体的人才能得到更好的待遇，因此他们想尽办法将自己变成内群体人。内群体对待外群体有着一种差别对待，内群体之间会偏私，他们对待群体外是一切按照规矩来，甚至更差一点。这篇论文很好地从内外群体的角度探究了不同群体在对待人际关系之间的差异。

本文从学校、工作和社会生活三个方面来阐述内外群体对待人际关系的不同。由此启示大家，在坚持平等的原则下，相互理解、包容，广交朋友，扩大内群体范围，求同存异，处理好竞争与相容的关系，更好的完善自己。

关键词： 群体; 人际关系; 内群体; 外群体

Contents

1. Introduction.............................................................................................................1

2. Demonstration

2.1. In school life……………….………...………………………………………2

2.1.1. Treating students differently......................................................................2

2.1.2. Individual efforts and team work.................................................................3

2.2. At work place………………………………......................................................4

2.2.1 Differences in looking for a job…………………...……………………….4

2.2.2 Differences in working efficiency……………………………….................5

2.3. In social life………………………………………………….……………....…5

2.3.1. Differences in making friends. ....................................................................6

2.3.2. Influences of different groups on language communication. ......................7

2.3.3. Influences of different groups on emotion………………………...…….8

3. Conclusion………………………………………………………………….……….9

Works Cited………………………………………………………………….…….....10

Bibliography………………………………………………………………….………11

A Study on Interpersonal Relationship: an In-group and Out-group Perspective

1. Introduction

An in-group is a group in which a person often participates or lives, works, or performs other activities. Members of a group feel close to the group and have a strong sense of belonging. An out-group is a group that is united by others and has nothing to do with you. In-group and out-group have concept not only internalized in the mind of group members, and sometimes through the external form to highlight and emphasize, such as a group have their own names, symbols, or special clothing, manners, customs, and so on. When using the concepts of in-groups and out-groups, the sociological literature is mainly used to explain the affirmation and loyalty of individuals towards in-groups, the rejection and alienation of out-groups.

Many scholars have done many researches in in-groups and out-groups, such as Dong Na (2001), from the ethnocentrism, prejudice, discrimination and set this four aspects to analyze the in-group have negative views of out-group and therefore lead to affect people's language communication. Although Dong Na did not elaborate on the interpersonal relationship between the in-groups and out-groups, she proposed the influence of both in-groups and out-groups on language communication, which is not a kind of interpersonal communication. ZhaoXin (2012) is put forward in-groups and out-groups influence on language prejudice. She distinguished in-groups and out-groups by language prejudice. When describing a positive behavior of the in-group members or negative behavior of out-groups, people tend to use more abstract language. When it comes to the negative behavior of the in-group members or the positive behaviors of the out-group members, people use more specific language, which is the group language bias. He is emphasis on the prejudice on interpersonal communication in in-groups and out-groups. Good interpersonal relationship had a great influence on life. In-group and out-group research is not a few for many years, but research the difference in interpersonal relationship is not much. Based on the analysis and integration of the existing results, this study demonstrates the differences between in-groups and out-groups in interpersonal relationship from three aspects: school life, workplace and social circle. This calls for people dealing with relationships.

This thesis consists of three parts, including introduction, demonstration and conclusion. The first part is introduction. It clarifies the concepts and differences between the in-groups and out-groups. The second part is demonstration. It compares studies at home and abroad. This thesis from the three aspects of school, work and social life expound the differences in interpersonal relations from the perspective of in-groups and out-groups. In the third part, the conclusion explains how to handle good interpersonal relations.

1. Demonstration
   1. In school life

The school is a small society, and can be seen the difference between in-groups and out-groups from the social circle of students. We can understand the problems we should pay attention to in our interpersonal relationships, and even avoid these problems so that we can have a large circle of friends.