摘 要

语言是社会发展中必不可缺的一部分，而词汇作为语言的组成成分，最直接客观地反映了社会发展的趋势。新词作为最近铸造的词，其作用在于辨认发明、新现象，或承担新文化背景的老想法，或发明词或词组行动，或将一个新词行动介绍进入语言。因此，基于语料库、文本和词典等领域的新词研究得到了研究者的关注。

与所有的新版问世一样，OALD8中收录的新词，反映了当今社会的发展、科技的创新以及人们生活方式和文化的变化。据研究统计其中新词共710个，其中名词542个，形容词106个，动词24个，其他词性共计38个，每一个新词都对我们的学习有着重大作用。本文拟通过对比《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第七版与第八版，主要分析其中新增名词，探索新增的原因，以及社会、科技和文化发展等对语言词汇变化的影响。

关键词：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》；新词；类别；原因；名词

Contents

I. Introduction 10

1.1 Background of the Study 10

1.2 Significance of the Study 10

1.3 Structure of the Thesis 11

II. Demonstration 11

2. 1 Literature Review 11

2.1.1 Studies Abroad 12

2.1.1.1 Lexicography 12

2.1.1. 2 Neologism Production 12

2.1.2 Domestic Studies 13

2.1.2.1 Lexicography 13

2.1.2.2 Neologism Production 14

2.1.3 Summary 14

2.2 Method 15

2.2.1Research Questions 15

2.2.2 Procedure 15

2.3 Results 15

2.4 Discussion 19

2.4.1 The Law for Discovering English Neologism 19

2.4.2 The Origin of the English Neologism 20

2.4.3 The Features of the New Nouns 21

2.4.3.1 The Missing of Neologisms 21

2.4.3.2 Distinctive characteristics of the times 22

2.4.3.3 Collecting of alphabetic words 23

III. Conclusion 23

3.1 Findings 23

3.2 Implication 24

3.3 Limitation and Further Study 24

Bibliography 25

A Comparative Study on Novel Nouns in Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionaries

I. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Language changes with the progress of the periods and society, English is no except as it is a worldwide language. After World War II, neologisms emerged in an endless stream; thousands of new worlds are born in each day. Take a look at the latest edition of Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (eighth edition), whose content is 20% large than its seventeen edition, still expanding word-stock is pushing in, so we compare it with the seventh edition and find 542 new nouns.

The changes of words have a great impact on the development of society. This study collects many neologisms by comparing OALD7 with OALD8. The author hopes that this comparison may help language learners know more about the emergence of new words and the impact on the development of society.

1.2 Significance of the Study

For all aspects of our lives, the language is undoubtedly the most lasting, and the fastest developed. With the changes of our daily life, the emergence of neologisms grows in an endless stream. It also brings some difficulties for researchers to find the new direction. Is it a certain law for the discovery of new words？Where do new words come from? Why do we use these new words? Are there any new features in the official dictionary for the neologisms? This study intends to compare OALD7 with OALD8, statistics and analyze new words, explore the reasons of them in social, science and technology, cultural and so on. On the one hand, through this topic we can improve our innovation ability and practice ourselves; on the other hand, to study the development of vocabulary can provide more data for future researches.

1.3 Structure of the Thesis

This paper is divided into four parts.

Firstly, we introduce the new words, explain why we should study new words, and point out the significance and methods of the research, and introduce the corpus used in the research;

Secondly, we review the research of new words at home and abroad;
Thirdly, Analysis the origin, emergence, and development of new words according to the research;

The last is conclusion, which summarizes the full text, discusses the implications of this study for the researchers, and points out the limitations of the study, and puts forward some suggestions for further development.

II. Demonstration

This part will review the research of new words at home and abroad. From this review, I will produce my research for the method and results.

2. 1 Literature Review

We review the research of neologisms at home and abroad from two respects, the first one is lexicography, and the other is neologism production. The research of English neologisms and the English lexicography is developed simultaneously. From this respect, we can find more basic information about this research, and the research is about the new nouns in dictionaries. The neologisms production may have a great help in this and know more about the knowledge in this area, we can write it more clearly.

2.1.1 Studies Abroad

2.1.1.1 Lexicography

Actually, these two researches were begun in the twentieth century. In 1902, Leon Mead first introduced the concept of neologism; in 1941, Dwight Bolinger, a linguist, opened up a new column (Among the New Words) in the American Spoken English to discuss English new words, and continued for 60 years which became the longest record of the English Neologisms. The end of the 20th century, especially after 60s, is the new era of international Lexicography Research. With the rapid development of social politics, economy, military, culture, science, technology and education, new words and neologisms appeared inevitable. Webster's New International Dictionary of the English language (1967, third) is one of the representatives of higher academic value for English Neologism dictionaries and supplied 6000 Words. In 1983, 9000 Words was published. In 1990, 12000 Words was published. Thus the speed of English neologisms is very quick. Since 1970s, the research of English neologisms and the English lexicography were concerned by the public. Newspaper columnists also started to write some articles for new words and their usage. The longest and most influential columnist is William Safire's "On Language" who is from New York Times. In 1980s, the computer technology was widely used in various fields because of its rapid development. Lots of computer applications were used in English lexicography and we made a series of achievements in scientific research for using computer technology. Cambridge International Dictionary of English (University of Cambridge Press, 1995) and Collins COBUILD English Dictionary (Collins Publishers, 1987) are all model of using computer in lexicography. Unfortunately, people just pay more attention to the ontology research on dictionary and lexicography. The specialized researches of the relationship between dictionary and society, dictionary and language have been little studied.

2.1.1. 2 Neologism Production

As early as 90s, the foreign countries committed to the study of new words, the first generation of new words is voting. Since 1990, American Dialect Society began to vote the words of the year, the new words for the year was the words that most public discussion. At the end of the twentieth century, the emergence and development of the Internet have greatly promoted the emergence, development and research of new words. Since 2000, the United States major global language portal yourDictionary.com (YDC) will publish the top ten words of the year in 26th December. These words are reflected in the focus of the United States in the year. Since then, the United States has also set up a new data base of new words, and a lot of research on the new words of the literature also came into being.

2.1.2 Domestic Studies

2.1.2.1 Lexicography

New English Words Dictionary (A Dictionary of New English Words, Phrases, and Usages by Ge Chuanshuo in 1947), could be said to be the earliest English new words dictionary in China. Modern English Dynamic by modern English research team in Foreign Languages Department of Fudan University in 1975 was the most influential finding on new English words at that time. Researches on new English words dictionaries started to popularize in 1980s, during this time, tons of dictionaries have been published. For example, New English Words Vocabulary; New English Words Dictionary; Practical New English-Chinese Vocabulary; New English Phrases Compilation etc. New English Phrases compiled by Lu Guoqian and Lu Jidong in 1996 has recorded more than 5000 new English words from 1980s to 1990s, and it has also provide example illustrations and elaborate explanation of etymologies for some of them. New English Words Dictionary compiled by Chen Yongguo in 1996 has collected about 5300 New English Words appeared in English speaking countries, mainly in the United States from January, 1970 to August, 1995. In addition, there are also some other dictionaries published like Modern English New Phrases Dictionary by Wang Qinxin in 1998, New Century English-Chinese Phrases by Lu Guoqiang in 2000, New English Neologism Dictionary by Chang Ziwei in 2002, New English Words Manual by Liu Xuemei in 2005 etc.

2.1.2.2 Neologism Production

The study of new words in our country began in 50s, but it does not attract the attention of researchers. Until 1984, Lv Shuxiang included a number of 170 new words in the "dictionary study", with the emergence of a number of research results. Jin Shenghua (1980), Wang Rongpei (1997) and Mao Ronggui (1999) are detailed and specialized books of English neologisms, origin and classification. A series of papers about the problem of English neologisms have been published (Wang Rongpei, 2000; Gao Fengjiang, 2001; Tian Haiying, 2005; Li Mengshu, 2012), this article mainly discusses neologism, the origins of neologism, neologism concept and cultural characteristics.

2.1.3 Summary

In recent years, although the study of new words in the English dictionary is concerned, it is still not enough in-depth and comprehensive. Some are limited to the list of new words in different fields; some only analyze the structure of new words; some of the new words are out of date; only a few discuss the development and changes of the new words. Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (Eighth Edition) maintained a learner's dictionary, but in many aspects of the innovation, it included more social hot words and popular words used in English speaking countries, therefore, future research will further explore the Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary.

The present study will choose the latest edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (eighth edition) that punished in June 2014 as the foundation, and use artificial contrast screening. Compare the development trend and characteristics of eighth edition and the seventh. It will help language users to understand and use English words correctly. In recent years, most of the studies were mainly based on a questionnaire, so the results are more reliable.

2.2 Method

2.2.1Research Questions

The paper aims to help English learners develop a good appreciation for the emerging English new words. It is also written to inform the learners how a new word comes from the existence and the study of neologisms evoked a whole cluster of questions:

Is it a certain law for the discovery of the English Neologisms？