摘 要

《飞越疯人院》是肯·克西最重要的一部作品，也是美国历史上揭露 60 年代社会黑暗的经典小说。作品主人公墨菲是一个不受社会控制追寻自由的人，面对精神病院的管制，他始终坚持与疯人院的高压统治进行斗争，争取属于人的权利。最终，他却被做了脑白质切除手术，而酋长希望其有尊严地死去，选择用枕头闷死他。墨菲的结局给小说蒙上了浓厚的悲剧色彩从而激发人们对自由的追求。作者肯·克西自身有着对理想社会的期盼和渴求，因此作品中有着对美国当时制度的批判以及对民主自由的向往。本文从社会环境、大护士的统治以及墨菲对自由的错误理解三个方面分析导致墨菲悲剧的原因，揭示美国强权制度对人性和自由的束缚，进而探讨现代人的自由意识以及追求自由的愿望。

关键词：《飞越疯人院》专制 悲剧 自由

Contents

1. Introduction 1
2. Demonstration 2

2.1.A brief introduction to Murphy’s tragedy 2

• • 1. Victim under the political system 3
    2. No place for him 4
  1. Factors leading to Murphy’s tragedy 4
     1. The social background at that time 5
     2. Big nurse’s absolute control 6
     3. Murphy’s misunderstanding of freedom 7
  2. Enlightenments from his tragedy 8
     1. Bondage under power politics 8
     2. The key to freedom——self-enhancement 9

1. Conclusion 10

Works Cited 12

Bibliography 13

Cause Analysis of Murphy’s Tragedy in

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

Introduction

Ken Kesey (1935-2001), a male novelist, was born in a dairy farmer's family in the United States. His life is legendary and regarded as the vane of anti-social culture in the "Beated Generation". In 1959, when he was studying for a degree in creative writing at Stanford University, he volunteered to participate in a government drug testing program in a hospital and tried drugs such as LSD. He also worked in a psychiatric hospital for a long time. He witnessed how psychiatric hospitals treat patients. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is based on this experience. This work is a classic of the Anti-mainstream cultural movement. After its publication, the book received tremendous repercussions and made important contributions to liberalism.

The story took place in the 1960s. An unexpected visitor named Murphy pretended to be mad and went to the lunatic asylum, because he wanted to avoid working on the farm after committing a crime. At first, he just wanted to live a comfortable life, but he found that many things were not like what he had expected. He was shocked by the fact that all the patients were undoubtedly obedient to the big nurse, and they could not do what they wanted to. So he began to challenge the rules of the big nurse. Murphy led the patients to do all kinds of "illegal" behavior, which aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the big nurse. In the eyes of the big nurse, Murphy was challenging her authority. But Murphy did not stop fighting. Instead, he became more and more unrestrained. He continued to go mad with the other patients in the lunatic asylum. Although he was punished painfully, he did not give in. However, the patient Billy lost his life in the revolt, and when Murphy saw Billy’s death, he attacked the big nurse, so his lobe of brain was cut off by force. At the end of the novel, the patient Chief was awakened. He suffocated Murphy to death, then ran away from the lunatic asylum with Murphy’s courage.

In the 1960s, some American people were not satisfied with the government. They