摘 要

《熊》是威廉福克纳最重要的短篇小说之一，该书蕴含着独特的生态批评观。 这本书讲述了白人奴隶的儿子伊克的故事。他梦想成为一名猎人，跟着山姆学习了许多相关的知识，在老本死后，最终决定放弃家族遗产回归荒野。福克纳在该书中运用了许多荒野动物形象的象征手法。而本文将从生态批评的角度分析熊，通过考察短篇小说描述人类对自然的态度及其相互关系的各种变化方式，从而说明福克纳对环境的关注。

关键词: 威廉福克纳，《熊》，生态批评，荒野，和谐关系

Contents

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................1
2. Demonstration ................................................................................................................2

2.1. Human’s Reverence Towards Nature....……………………………………….......….2

2.1.1.Harmonious Relationship between Human and Wilderness…………………......….3

2.1.2. Harmonious Relationship between Hunters and The dogs……………....................5

2.2. Conflicts between Nature and Human………………………………………….....….7

2.2.1 Symbolic Death of Wilderness…………………………………………………........7

2.2.2 Human’s Desire to Conquer Nature……………………………………………........8

2.3. Rehabilitation to Nature…………………………………………………………........9

2.3.1 Ike's Eventual Return to Nature………………………………………………......…9

2.3.2 The Way out of Civilization…………………………………………………..…....10

3. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………....….11

Work Cited.........................................................................................................................12

Bibliography.......................................................................................................................12

An Eco-critical Reading of The Bear

1.Introduction

William Faulkner(1897-1962), one of the most influential writers in the history of American literature, is also the founder of the American “Southern Literature” and representative of the stream of consciousness literature in the United States. He wrote 19 full-length novels and 120 short stories in his lifetime, and most of the short stories took place in the Yoknapatawpha County, known as the "Yoknapatawpha Fascist Line". Though his work were published as early as 1919, and largely during the 1920s and 1930s, Faulkner was not widely known until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature because “he has made powerful and artistically unparalleled contributions to contemporary American novels."

For a long time, Faulkner's novels had not drawn enough attention from the critics, in the United States or in Europe. Many critics even think that Faulkner's short story are not brilliant. In 1979, for the first time, the University of Mississippi held an international seminar on Faulkner's short stories. This marks that the short stories in the United States and Europe began to receive widespread attention.

Since then, each year the University of Mississippi has organized "Faulkner and Yogyakarta " seminars. At the Third International Faulkner Symposium 2004, Anil K. Brassard, a professor at Ibibbi University in the Republic of Yemen, analyzed “The Bear” in the paper "Faulkner and Environmental Imagination: Semiotics of Culture, Nature and Human Nature in The Bear" in the perspective of emerging ecocriticism. Furthermore, Elena Porter points out that Faulkner's writing of nature as “a timeless and feminine holy” state in “The Bear”, but his practice of drawing the nature into the sphere of human language and narrative successfully repeated the sadness for the natural damage (R.W.B Lewis 641).

Our study of Faulkner began in the late 1970s. In 1980, the selected Faulkner Review Collection published by Li Wenjun as a monument to Faulkner's study in this book. Liu Jianbo pointed out in the monograph that "Bear" fully embodies the artistic methods of Faulkner 's successful application of time and space inversion, inner monologue, multi - angle narration, symbolic and hint (Liu Jianbo 52).