摘 要

自 20 世纪以来，中国法律系统在曲折中开始建立并不断发展，随着全球化趋势的深入，西方的法律理念与法律制度不断传入中国，促进了中国法律体系的进一步完善，因此，法律翻译开始被视为重要的跨文化交际活动。

法律术语的翻译是影响法律文本整体翻译成果的直接因素。近年来，国内外对法律术语翻译的研究日益增多，研究角度日益新颖，研究内容日益加深，研究方法也日益科学化。然而，这些研究大多数仅限于探究词汇的语义对等问题，而忽略如何在语言转换中实现法律效力的转移。法律术语的翻译植根于源语和译入语所在国家的法律价值观念。由于中西方法律价值观念存在着显著的差异，因此并非源语中的所有术语都在译入语中有对应语，译者只能寻找与其功能对等的译文。法律术语翻译不仅仅是语言间的转移，同时也是法律价值观念及所译术语带来的法律效力的转移。

基于这一理念，本文从中西方法律价值观的差异分析入手，探究了这种差异在法律术语翻译过程带来的影响，引例说明在这种影响下带来的误译和不可译性等常见问题。同时，本文还针对这种影响以及法律术语翻译的特殊要求，提出了法律术语翻译的有效策略。结合本文研究，法律术语翻译的完善，一方面需要纯熟的双语能力和翻译技巧，另一方面更需要对源语和译入语所在体系的法律价值观念及其产生的影响通彻理解。

关键词：价值观；法律术语；翻译补偿；功能对等

Since the 20th century, Chinese legal system has made headway in twists and turns. As globalization continues to develop, western legal philosophy and institution has been constantly introduced to China, which provides reference for the perfection of Chinese legal system. Therefore, legal translation is gradually considered as a significant cross-culture communicating activity.

Legal terms translation directly determines the quality of the whole translated text. In recent years, researches on legal terms translation grow in number, research perspectives take on a new diversity, research contents go into depth and research techniques get scientific optimization. However, a majority of the researches are limited to the level of lexical equivalence, neglecting the core problems—the transference of legal efficiency in the process of language transference. Legal terms translation not only refers to language transference, but also requires the transference of legal efficiency. Not every legal term in the source text can find a lexical equivalent in the target text.

Based on the fact, this paper started from the analysis on the distinction in Chinese and Western values. Then it probes into the influence on legal terms translation brought by different values of law. Examples of the common problems in the process of legal terms translation are provided to illustrate the influence. In the meanwhile, accordingly, a list of translation strategies are put forward to solve these problems and to meet the special criterion for legal terms translation. As is studied in the paper, the refinement of legal terms translation is built on firstly the thorough comprehension on values of law in different legal systems, and meanwhile proficient bilingual ability and adept translation skills.

Key words: values of law; legal terms; translation compensation; functional equivalence

Abstract in Chinese i

Abstract in English ii

1. Introduction 1
   1. Previous study on present background of legal translation 1
   2. Significance of researches on legal terms translation 2
2. Differences between Chinese and Western values of Law 4
   1. Definition of value of law 4
   2. Chinese value of law 4
   3. Western value of law 4
   4. Cause analysis of the value differences 4
3. Problems in legal terms translation caused by different values 6
   1. Frequent mistranslation caused by different values 7
   2. Untranslatability caused by different values 8
   3. Unfaithful translation allowed due to different values 8
4. Translation Strategies to problems in legal terms translation 9
   1. Requirements for legal terms translation 9
   2. The application of compiled legal terms manual 10
   3. The strategy of compensation employed in legal terms translation 11
   4. The achievement of functional equivalent 11
5. Conclusion 13
   1. Summary 13
   2. Limitations 14
   3. Suggestions for Future Study 14

References 16

Acknowledgements 17