摘 要

作为一种常见的文体，议论文不仅反映了作者的基本价值观和文学素养，还是一种文化的缩影。近年来，研究者们为了追赶上世界文化交流的步伐，从未停止过对议论文，尤其是外国议论文的研究与分析。《劝学》和 Of Study是荀子和培根的名篇，流传千年，脍炙人口。这两篇著作来自不同国家，同属议论文， 有着相似的论点，却展现了中英不同的论述风格。因此，若要探究中英不同文化下迥异的议论文论述风格，《劝学》和 Of Study是非常合适的研究对象。本文主要立足于词、句法、篇章三个主要方面，通过对比分析法、归纳总结法等对博喻、一字（词）多义、语言特色、排比、省略、结构、论证方法这七个次要方面进行了比较分析。通过比较，本文得出这样的结论：《劝学》和 Of Study在这些方面均有差异，这样的不同除了与作者本人有关，还是中西截然不同的文化背景影响而成的。此研究的对比结果在一定程度上体现了中英议论文论述风格差异。对于目前英语考试中频频出现的议论文写作，许多学生觉得犯难，本文中的发现为外语议论文写作提供了有效的借鉴。

关键词：议论文；《劝学》；Of Study；比较研究

Abstract

Argumentative essay, as one of the most common genres, reflects the author’s basic values and literature quality, and shows an epitome of a specific culture at the same time. Recently, in order to keep abreast of international cultural exchange, researchers never stop the pace in investigating argumentative essays, especially foreign argumentative essays. These researches are of great necessity and have broad prospects particularly in the current era. World-famous and classical, To Encourage Learning and Of Study are magnum opus created by Xunzi and Bacon. The two works share a similar thesis, come from two totally different countries and show different writing styles, so they really deserve further exploration. Comparative analysis approach and the inductive and summarizing method are principle ways used in the paper. The comparison in this study mainly stands on words, syntax and discourse three levels and is analyzed from seven accidentals in detail, such as megametaphor, polysemy, language features, parallelism, omission, structure and demonstration methods. The preliminary findings indicate that To Encourage Learning and Of Study have similarities but also differentiate in these aspects. Such differences are not only concerned with the author himself but also inseparable from the factors in cultural aspects. At present, argumentative writing is a frequent visitor in English tests, enabling oceans of students anxious. The findings in the paper embody the differences of argumentative styles between Chinese and English argumentative essays to a certain degree, thus offering so important reference that benefits our foreign language writing, particularly argumentative writing.

Key Words: argumentative essay; To Encourage Learning; Of Study ：

comparative study

Contents

1. Introduction 1
   1. Literature review 1
   2. Significance of the research 2
2. Comparison between To Encourage Learning and Of Study from Words Level 4
   1. Megametaphor 4
   2. Polysemy 5
   3. Common language features in argumentative essays 6
3. Comparison between To Encourage Learning and Of Study from Syntax Level 7
   1. Parallelism 7
   2. Ellipsis 8
4. Comparison between To Encourage Learning and Of Study from Discourse Level 10
   1. The structures of To Encourage Learning and Of Study 10
   2. The demonstration methods adopted in To Encourage Learning and Of Study10
5. Conclusion 13

References 14

Acknowledgments 15