摘 要

人类的方位概念是通过使用各种感官来感知上下、内外、前后、远近和高低等空间方位来形成的。借用某些方位词的隐喻扩展意义，人们也将这些方位概念用来理解其它抽象或者不熟悉的概念。方位词是人类最基本的并且经常用来表达空间位置关系的一类词。方位词除了原有的空间意义外，还逐渐产生了某些隐喻性的扩展意义。认知语言学认为，方位词的隐喻扩展意义不是任意的，而是具有认知动机。

近年来，众多学者对方位词的扩展意义进行了研究，但其中大部分都着眼于中英空间方位词的对比或方位词语法意义、语义和属性分类的具体分析。很少有人分析方位词的隐喻意义及其翻译。此外，对李清照及其诗歌的研究也颇为活跃，其中大部分是分析和研究其词的思想和社会意义，或者是其南渡后情感和写作风格的转变，而对其诗词隐喻意义及某些细节内容的翻译则很少受到关注。本文旨在厘清李清照词中五个方位词的翻译技巧，所使用的研究语料主要来自许渊冲的译本（包括60首词)。通过认真分析和整理，笔者将五个方位词的意义分为两类：一类仅用作方位意义，另一类则用于隐喻意义。

通过研究这篇论文，笔者希望找到诗歌中一些方位词的翻译技巧，而这些技巧将适用于人们使用方位词原本方位意义或隐喻意义的情况。笔者也希望这些技巧不仅可以用于李清照词的翻译，同时也可用于其他诗（词）人的诗词翻译，或者为其他文学作品的翻译提供一些思路。此外，本文有助于促进人们对诗词翻译的理解，并可能对英语教学和跨文化交际有所裨益。

关键词：方位词；方位意义；隐喻意义；李清照；翻译技巧

Abstract

Human’s concepts of orientation are formed through using various senses to perceive such spatial orientations as up-down, inside-outside, front-backward, far-near, and high-low. People also use these spatial concepts to understand other abstract and unfamiliar concepts by referring to the metaphorical meaning of some locative terms. Locative term is a type of word most basically and frequently used by human beings to express spatial location relationship. In addition to their original locative meaning, these locative terms also produce some extended metaphorical meaning. Cognitive linguistics believes that the metaphorical meaning extensions of locative terms are not arbitrary, but have cognitive motivations.

In recent years, numerous scholars have contributed to the study of the extended meaning of locative terms, but most of them focus on either the comparison of the Chinese and English spatial locative terms or the concrete analysis of their grammatical meaning, semantic meaning and attributive classification. Few of them analyze metaphorical meaning as well as translation of locative terms. Besides, studies on Li Ching-chao and her poems are vigorous, most of which are concerned with analyzing and researching the ideological and social significance of her Ci-poems or the change of her emotion and writing style after her travelling to the south. Few attention is paid to the metaphorical meaning existing in her poems and the translation of certain detailed contents. This paper aims to figure out some translation techniques of locative terms in Li Ching-chao’s Ci-poetry with the help of Xu Yuanchong’s translation version including 60 Ci-poems. By careful analyzing and sorting, the author classifies the meaning of five locative terms into two groups: one is merely used for locative meaning, and the other is used for metaphorical meaning.

By studying this paper, the author wants to find out some techniques of translating locative terms in poetry, and these techniques can be applicable to situations where people use the original locative meanings or metaphorical meanings of locative terms. The author hopes those techniques will not merely be used in translation of Li Ching-chao’s Ci-poetry, but also can be used to translation of other poets’ poems as well as provide some ideas to other literature works. Besides, this paper can promote people’s understanding of poetic translation, and may do something conducive to English teaching and cross-cultural communication.

Key words: locative terms; locative meaning: metaphorical meaning; Li Ching-chao; translation techniques