摘 要

各国的教育都有其各自的特点，例如美国偏重素质教育而中国偏应试教育。中国的教育方式精致细腻，西方的教育方式则贴近自然，更接近社会。学校考试和对知识的透彻理解是中国学生的优势所在，而西方学生则更注重实践和锻炼各方面的能力。本文从文化、社会环境和教育目的等发面出发，对中美教育模式的形成进行阐述，在此基础上进一步阐述中美教育存在的差异及其产生差异的原因, 最后提出需要改进的方面。

关键词：教育模式；应试教育；素质教育

Contents

1. Introduction 1
   1. The examination-oriented education system 1
   2. The quality-oriented education system 1
   3. Former studies home and abroad 2
2. Differences between examination-oriented and examination-oriented education 2
   1. Educational aim 2
   2. Culture 3
3. Causes of examination-oriented and quality-oriented education 3
   1. Sense of value 5
   2. Overall and partial interests 5
   3. Long-term and immediate interests 5
   4. The concentrated expression of social contradictions at school 6
4. Conclusion 6
   1. The result of study 6
   2. Enlightenment 7

Works Cited 9

Bibliography 10

The Comparison between Examination-oriented Education in China and Quality-oriented Education in America

Introduction

The educational methods of China tend to be more exquisite than that of America which are much more natural and social. Chinese students are good at doing well in exams and digesting knowledge thoroughly, while the American students focus on general-purposed abilities. We describe them as eight immortals possessing different magic power and each showing his special prowess. This text describes educational features of Chinese and American education first, and then further states discrepancies and reasons of those discrepancies between Chinese education and American education based on these features, which is very important for our country to combine Chinese basic education and American creative ability-building. On the basis of developing students' basic knowledge and skills, America puts a high value on training creative and manipulative ability and helps students have both a solid foundation and outstanding creative power.

• 1. The examination-oriented education system

The exam-oriented education is one kind of educational pattern with exam as method and score as unique standard. As for the current educational system in our country, all the educational methods are used for passing College Entrance Examination (CEE). The teaching objectives of elementary and secondary schools are submitted themselves to the CEE's direction. In order to win out CEE, schools have adopted a series of teaching methods. Students' immediate purposes have been dissimilated into abnormal pursuit for scores. This is the essence of exam-oriented education, which played an important role in selection of knowledge talented person.

• 1. The quality-oriented education system

Quality refers to a man's temperament, knowledge, brainpower and skill. It

includes all kinds of aspects like ideological quality, moral quality, scientific knowledge quality and physical and mental quality. The purpose of quality-oriented education is just the improvement of those above qualities. In our opinions, the quality-oriented education equals to the training progress of builders and successors for socialist cause with all-round development of morality, intelligence physique and aesthetic. All forms of education at all levels should cultivate talents according to this educational objective. It's a great misunderstanding to replace the integrated development with simple pursuit for scores and exam-oriented skills.

• 1. Former studies home and abroad

On account of the exam-oriented education, scholars proposed their solutions. Someone suggests to build a scientific examination system (Anne West, 2012). Cai thinks that we are supposed to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, transform teachers' incorrect education concept thoroughly with educational method, content, objective and assessment (Margaret Grogan, 2008). Someone says that we should protect students' rights and interests with positive legislation and raises that it is necessary to add educational funds input, and improve its service efficiency (Robert Kirkpatrick, 2012). And it is also important to strengthen the idea of harmonious society and campus and implement the scientific concept of development, improve the quality-oriented education (Tang, 2013).

Differences between examination-oriented and examination-oriented education

• 1. Educational aim

The American education is a kind of trial education, which leads students to try to undergo different situations and find difficulties in those processes, and to accumulate experiences after solving these difficulties. Finally, they can get their own research results, and those belong to them personally.

Chinese education is a kind of cramming education, which tells students the adults' experiences first, and then let them operate as rules and the so-called successful methods. They study and practice under the guidance and before

experiences. Although they could get their own results too, it's difficult to get rid of the original patterns.

The maximum difference between the two kinds of education is that American education treat people first, they proceed from people's learning instinct, accord with learning theory. While Chinese education is a manufacture style mainly focus on error elimination. It treats students as products. And hope to produce qualified products but not the inferior-quality products on the production line. They can't envisage the law that mistakes are allowed in study, which make Chinese students short of innovative ideas.

• 1. Culture

CEE in China is like the imperial examination system in ancient times. As the proverb goes as nothing better than study, exam was the only way to get fame and wealth for scholars lived in lower class for thousand years. For those students without a good family background, exam scores represented their future to some degree, this was why Chinese parents care their children's scores so much.

Although America has been affected by European education concept, it is an integrated country composed by immigrants from a lot of countries. The great disparity between all kinds of culture made people used to respect each other's cultural freedom, thereby, their liberal and democrat idea has run through the development progress of education.

Causes of examination-oriented and quality-oriented education

There are many points that make the causes of examination-oriented and quality-oriented education. The daily education exists not only at school, but also at home, as well as come from surrounding environments and social atmosphere. Now, not only parents, but also even schools and environments are shifting the blame to other shoulders. Parents said that I sent my children to school, which means it's their responsibilities to teach our children well. While schools said that the abundant cybercafés and karaoke rooms around school lead children to play hooky. But bosses