摘 要

1983年，威廉•戈尔丁因为《蝇王》这篇小说获得了诺贝尔文学奖。他经历了第二次世界大战并由此看到了二十世纪西方社会的黑暗。这种经历引发了他对于人性恶的思考。因此，人性恶和人类自我救赎成为了《蝇王》的主题。《蝇王》起源于于第二次世界大战，它表现出了现代人对生命意义的思考。《蝇王》的主要内容是写一群男孩因为飞机事故被困在一个岛上。起初，他们可以和谐相处，但是，因为人性的邪恶的扩张，他们互相残杀从而导致了一个悲伤的结局。

本论文主要分析了《蝇王》的三个后现代主义特征：拙劣的模仿、互文性、传统荒岛小说戏仿解构。从互文性来看，戈尔丁运用了互文性和圣经中原型来解读本文。在中，戈尔丁戏仿《珊瑚岛》中相同的角色名来命名《蝇王》的主人公，然而，他们的结局却是不同的，从而产生了强烈的讽刺感。通过对传统荒岛文学的解构，我们可以通过《蝇王》了解与荒岛文学更多相关的内容。这些表达方式给予了《蝇王》可以超越当时的审美体验的新要素。《蝇王》被视为后现代主义文学的萌芽。一方面，随着时间的推移，戈尔丁的非凡的叙事手法与后现代特征的寓言意义显现出了其重要性。另一方面，它对当代文坛也产生了深远的影响。

关键词: 威廉•戈尔丁；《蝇王》；拙劣的模仿；互文性；解构传统荒岛小说

Abstract

William Golding won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1983 because of Lord of the Flies. He experienced the World War and saw the darkness of the western society in twentieth centuries. This kind of experience made him think of the human nature. The consequence of his thinking is that evil in human nature and human salvation become the theme of Lord of the Flies. It has a lot of genres like theater of absurd, expression, stream of consciousness and so on. It existed in World War and it tells modern thinking on meanings of life. Lord of the Flies tells that a group of boys are trapped in an island because of the plane accident. At first, they can live harmoniously, however, because of the expansion of evil of human nature, they kill each other and get the bad ending.

This paper mainly tells three postmodern features in Lord of the Flies: parody, intertextuality and deconstruction of traditional desert island fiction. From intertextuality, the writer analyses it from intertextuality to archetype from the Bible. From parody, Golding parodies the same character name as name in The Coral Island, however, the characters’ endings are totally different, therefore, it creates a strong feeling of satire. Through the destruction of traditional desert island fictions, we can learn more about information which is related to desert island literature. At that time, these kind of expressions can give Lord of the Flies fresh ingredient which is better than aesthetic experience. Lord of the Flies can be regarded as germination of postmodern literature on this account. On one side, Golding’s special writing skills and the meanings of fables which have postmodern features show its great significance as time pass by. On the other side, it has profound influence on the contemporary literary world.

Key words: William Golding; Lord of the Flies; parody; intertextuality; traditional desert island fiction

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Parody in Lord of the Flies 5

2.1 English Desert Island as an Intertext 5

2.2 Parody: Refutation and Reconstruction 5

3 Intertextuality in Lord of the Flies 8

3.1 Intertextuality 8

3.2 Archetype from the Bible 8

3.2.1 Archetype 8

3.2.2 Biblical Apocalypse as an Intertext 9

3.2.3 Archetypes in Lord of the Flies 9