摘 要

威廉·戈尔丁是20世纪英国最为杰出的作家之一。他为读者留下了许多经典佳作。其中最为人津津乐道的莫过于他第一部出版的小说《蝇王》。也正是这部作品让他获得了1983年的诺贝尔文学奖。他的作品充满了寓言与神话色彩，着力展示自己对人性的思考。叙事风格平淡而严肃，却又不失艺术感染力，他将深刻的哲理与象征蕴于小说之中，使读者陷入对人性恶的深思。

《蝇王》出版后吸引了国内外学者与读者们的目光。小说主题聚焦于对人性恶的揭示引发人们对人类自身的思考。小说中大量的象征的写作手法也是一大特色，成为许多学者讨论的对象。环境描写作为小说不可分割的一部分，在解读小说主题与塑造人物方面有着不可估量的作用。本文通过对小说中自然环境、社会环境以及人物心理环境这三种不同的环境描写的解读，从孤岛，岛上男孩的关系以及男孩心理活动等角度来进一步解读小说的主题。此外，本文还分析了小说中环境描写对于深化主题，渲染气氛以及人物形象塑造的作用，以展示戈尔丁高超的艺术手法。

关键词：《蝇王》；自然环境；社会环境；心理环境

Abstract

William Golding is recognized as one of the greatest British writers. He has written many classic works in his whole life, among which Lord of the Flies, his first published book, is the most celebrated one . It is Lord of the Flies that makes him win the Nobel Prize of Literature in 1983. Golding’s works are often full of fables and myths to express his deep thoughts about human nature. His narration style is not only plain and serious, but also is full of artistic appealing, which renders readers absorbed in considering about the evil of human nature.

The Lord of the Flies draws scholars and readers’ attention both at home and abroad soon after it was published. The major theme of the novel focuses on discovering the evil of human beings to make people rethink about themselves. Besides, the various symbols make this novel distinguished from other works, which are often discussed by many scholars. Moreover, the environment description, as the indispensable part of the novel, plays an vital part for readers in understanding the theme of the whole novel and the development of the plot . This paper centers on reading three different kinds of environments of this novel from the natural environment, social environment and psychological environment. Furthermore, the theme of this novel will be discussed in detailed parts of the isolated island, the relationship of the boys and their psychological activities. In addition, this paper also analyses the effects of the environment of the novel in deepening the theme, exaggerating the atmosphere and portraying the characters, which shows the novel’s exquisite writing skills.

Key Words：Lord of the Flies；natural environment；social environment；psychological environment

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The Author and His Masterpiece 1

1.2 Literature Review 2

2 Natural Environment in Lord of the Flies 4

2.1 The Isolated Island 4

2.2 The Terrible Storm 5

3 Social Environment in Lord of the Flies 8

3.1 The Society Before Characters' Landing on the Island 8

3.2 The Community After Characters' Landing on the Island 9

4 Psychological Environment in Lord of the Flies 11

4.1 Ralph’s Inner World 11

4.2 Jack’s Inner World 12

5 Conclusion 15

References 16

Acknowledgements 18

Reading the Environment in the Novel Lord of the Flies

1 Introduction

1.1 The Author and His Masterpiece