摘 要

亨利·戴维·梭罗的著作《瓦尔登湖》是世界文学名著。它记录了梭罗居住在瓦尔登湖畔近两年的生活，主要描述了人、社会和自然三者之间的关系。梭罗在他的这部如同日记一般的作品中展现了他对自然的热爱，以及对现代社会发展的批判。通过阅读梭罗本人的生活经历，人们可以进一步理解独处、沉思和亲近自然的重要性，而这也正是梭罗想让读者收获到的东西。

近年来，随着对《瓦尔登湖》的研究越来越多，它的文学价值和艺术魅力逐步展现在世人面前。而修辞手法作为表现其艺术魅力的重要内容，值得读者进行全面而深刻的研究。因此，本文分析了《瓦尔登湖》中的类比修辞手法，主要分为三部分。第一部分介绍了梭罗本人、写作风格以及《瓦尔登湖》的主要内容和主题。第二部分分析了《瓦尔登湖》第二章“我生活的地方，我为何生活”和第十二章“与兽为邻”中的类比修辞，包括人与动物之间的类比，普通人与历史人物之间的类比，人类生活与其他事物之间的类比。最后一部分对全文进行总结，指出梭罗通过类比的修辞手法展现《瓦尔登湖》的主题思想，将《瓦尔登湖》的艺术性和思想性巧妙结合在一起，进一步凸显了这本著作的文学价值。

关键词：《瓦尔登湖》；自然；人类；类比；和谐

Abstract

Henry David Thoreau’s famous work Walden is a literary masterpiece in the world. This book records Thoreau’s two-year life beside Walden Pond. It mainly presents the relationship between human beings, society and nature. Thoreau expresses his love to nature and criticism on modern development in his book which is like a dairy. By reading Thoreau’s personal experience, readers can further understand the importance of solitude, contemplation, and closeness to nature, which is what Thoreau wants readers can acquire from his book.

In recent years, the studies of Walden have become more and more popular. As a result, its literary value and artistic charm have been gradually shown to people. While rhetorical devices, as an important part of revealing its artistic charm, are worthy of comprehensive and profound research. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the rhetorical technique-analogy in Walden. It can be divided into three parts. Firstly, it will introduce Thoreau, his writing style and the main content and theme of Walden. Secondly, analogy in the book will be discussed mainly based on chapter 2 “Where I Lived, and What I Lived for” and chapter 12 “Brute Neighbors” from three aspects: analogy between human beings and animals, analogy between common people and historical figures, analogy between human life and things. The last part is a summary of the whole paper, pointing out that Thoreau presents the theme of Walden by using analogy, perfectly achieving the combination between Walden’s artistic characteristics and thematic expressions and further revealing the literary value of this book.

Key Words: Walden; nature; human beings; analogy; harmony

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Henry David Thoreau and Walden 1

1.2 Literary review 2

1.3 The significance and layout of this paper 4

2 Analogy between Human Beings and Animals 5

2.1 Human beings and ants 5

2.2 Human beings and burrowing creatures 7

2.3 Human beings and chanticleer 8

3 Analogy between Common People and Historical Figures 10

3.1 Common people and sleepers 10

3.2 Common people and Ulysses 11

3.3 Common people and Spartans 12

4 Analogy between Human Life and Things 14

4.1 Human life and German Confederacy 14

4.2 Human life and sea 15

5 Conclusion 17

5.1 Summary 17

5.2 Further study 17