摘 要

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本文以前人对关联理论的研究为基础，强调关联理论中的一些经典理论，并以刘姥姥进大观园为例，试图探求该理论在文本解读中的应用价值。本文采用斯坡伯和威尔逊提出的关联理论，旨在运用明示一推理交际模式对《红楼梦》中刘姥姥进大观园进行分析研究。“交际”，是理解关联理论的中心与前提。斯坡伯和威尔逊提出的关联理论认为语言交际是一种明示一推理过程。在小说中往往可以通过对话看到人物的意图，红楼梦亦是如此。刘姥姥三进大观园是红楼梦中的著名章节，通过相关介绍和理论，本文拟讨论关联理论在交际中的应用。本研究发现语言交际的一个重要目的就是进行有意义的交流，建立并维持适宜的人际关系，人们在进行言语交际时往往带有一定的目的，如影响他人的态度和行为，向他人提供信息，将自己的态度或行为向他人做出解释。语言所具有的反映交际者之间关系的意义就是语言的人际意义，并且认知环境也在交际中起着至关重要的作用，不同的认知环境可能会导致交际的失败。

关键词：关联理论，明示-推理，语境，红楼梦

Contents

1. Introduction 1
2. Relevance theory model 2
   1. Ostensive-inferential 2
      1. Ostensive-inferential behavior 2
      2. The intention of Ostensive-inferential model 3
   2. Contexts 4
3. Application of Relevance Theory in Text Analysis 4
   1. Application Value of Ostensive-inferential in Dream of the Red Mansion…4
   2. Application Value of Context in Dream of the Red Mansions 5
4. Conclusion 6

Work Cited 8

Bibliography 9

Analysis of Relevance Theory in the Dream of Red Mansions

1. Introduction

Morris (1938) sees pragmatics as a discipline that explores the relationship between linguistic and symbolic users. Some linguists, such as Grace (1957), Austin (1962), Lewis (1969,1979), Searle (1975,1979), analyzed the relationship between symbols from a different perspective. It is a super symbolic relationship supported by reasoning. Although they play some role in explaining communication functions, they all lack perfect consideration and can not be well accepted by people. Based on the critical absorption of their predecessors, Sperber and Wilson (1986,1995) put forward a completely new view of human communication. Relevance theory’s definition of communication, by absorbing the strong points of the definitions of communication given by the previous semiologists' code and Grice's inferential model, is taken as a comparatively comprehensive definition. This article analyses the communication methods between the characters from the explicitness of speaker, the reasoning of the obedient person and the context of the context. Reading is a very complicated communication process between the author and the reader, which involves psychological and cognitive communication. Reading is an effective and important way to obtain information and knowledge. Many scholars have studied reading comprehension in addition to relevance. Therefore, our aim is to apply the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson to reading comprehension.

1. Relevance theory model

Sperber and Wilson define Ostensive- Inferential (ostensive- Inferential) communication as a stimulus that makes communicators and communicators understand each other. In other words, from the speaker’s point of view, communication is an ostentate process. It means that the speaker has the intention to make something clear, and then takes some way to let the hearer have this intention. Form the perspective of hearer, communication is also a reasoning process. Inference

refers to the process that hearers take the evidence provided by the speakers as the starting point to deduce the speaker’s communication intention. It can be seen that Relevance Theory includes both the speaker and the hearer, which is a more comprehensive definition.

Cognitive context is also an important aspect. Mutual clarity is that both sides can make common cognition and inference to the facts or hypotheses in cognitive context.

• 1. Ostensive-inferential

According to Sperber and Wilson, Ostensible and inferential are two aspects of the communication process. From the speaker's point of view, communication is an explicit process, in which the intention of information is clearly displayed, and from the perspective of the hearer, communication is a process of reasoning. The character dialogue is one of the important parts of the novel, and it is also very important for communication.

• • 1. Ostensive-inferential behavior

In the process of communication, the communicative person always talks about a specific thing and the audience expects the standard, according to the correlation theory. For example, Simon's act of leaning back is an expression. If Nancy notices this kind of express behavior, she may infer: Is Simon leaning back in order to sit more comfortably? However, from a young angle of view, Nancy's guess is not the most important. The important thing is that Simon’s behavior has focused Nancy's attention on him. Although the signal behavior of the speaker has already conveyed some information to some extent, the effect of the speaker's expression is always limited. Is there any meaning behind his words? What does it mean? What does that mean? The hearer needs to infer the words of the speaker. In short, reasoning is essential. The reasoning model emphasizes the importance of the hearer's reasoning ability. The reasoning model holds that communication is the evidence provided by the speaker of the intended meaning. Based on this evidence, the speaker deduces the

process of speaker's intention by combining the common knowledge, and the inference originates from the premise and ends with the conclusion. Based on the above understanding, relevance theory defines communication as "ostensive-inferential behavior". It can be seen that the communicative definition of relevance theory takes into account both the speaker and the hearer, and absorbs the advantages of the definition of code-theory. It is a relatively complete and comprehensive definition of communication.

• • 1. The intention of Ostensive-inference model

Relevance Theory holds that communication generally consists of two intentions: information intention and communicative intention.

Information intention: "the communicator forms a certain stimulus in order to make the hearer understand or better understand a series of ideas". To put it simply, it is the intention to provide the content of the communication. Relevance theory uses the term "information intention", which can stimulate the hearer, and the purpose is to make both sides understand the meaning of communication expressed outside the intention of the message.

Example 1: I have an exam tomorrow.