摘 要

莎士比亚是英国著名的戏剧家，在世界范围内有着广泛深刻影响的伟大文学家。同时，他是一位不折不扣的人文主义者，为西方文艺复兴的代表人物之一。莎士比亚身为文学家，对待社会上的不公、压迫、以及政权破碎现象表现出了极大的关切。他的许多伟大作品，兼具高超的写作技巧，优雅切合的修辞，一针见血的选材，从方方面面表达出了他的哲学与思想。这些作品包括四大悲剧、四大喜剧、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》以及本篇论文所要探究的《尤里乌斯·恺撒》。

本文将从三个方面探究莎士比亚在《尤里乌斯·恺撒》这一剧本中所表达的他对于共和主义的理解与推崇。包括选材的历史与现实对照、两个中心人物的对比以及分析剧本结局所反映的与共和主义有千丝万缕瓜葛的暴民政治以及弑君者所折射出的斯多葛派思想，由此，我们将更加透彻的理解莎士比亚在此剧本中所表达的共和主义十分细致入微，对于历史题材的选择、剧本结尾处的情节收场，他考虑的十分周全，目的就在于让同时代以及后世的人们深刻思考共和主义下应该如何正确的组织政权，从而尽可能的实现民主。对此剧本的分析与鉴赏将加深读者对莎士比亚共和主义政治思想的理解，并帮助读者欣赏他作品的艺术魅力。

关键词：莎士比亚；《尤里乌斯·恺撒》；共和主义；政权组织形式；暴民政治；伊丽莎白一世统治末期

Contents

1. Introduction............................................................................................................1
2. Demonstration........................................................................................................4
   1. Shakespeare’s reasons for choosing the event in the play................................4

2.1.1 The contrast of backgrounds in the reality and in the play.....................4

2.1.2 Republicanism—the reflection of Shakespeare’s humanism.................6

2.2 The comparison of two protagonists in the play................................................7

2.2.1 Brutus—a perfect but naive republican.....................................................8

2.2.2 Caesar—an aging but great monarch........................................................11

2.3 Shakespeare’s thought of republicanism in the play..........................................13

2.3.1 Ochlocracy—the misunderstanding of republicanism.............................14

2.3.2 The influence of Stoics in Roman Republic.............................................15

3. Conclusion...............................................................................................................17

Works cited..................................................................................................................19

Bibliography................................................................................................................20

Republicanism in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar

1.Introduction

Shakespeare (1564-1616) is the most outstanding dramatist in the history of English literature, and the most important and greatest writer in the European Renaissance period. The period from 1590 to 1600 was the golden age of Shakespeare's creation. His early plays, mainly comedies and historical plays, reached the peak of depth and artistry at the end of the 16th century. At the end of his life, he began to create tragicomedy, or romantic drama. During the reign of Elizabeth I, Sir Thomas North translated Plutarch's Lives of the Most Noble Grecians and Romans. The events described in this book that led to the deaths of Julius Caesar, Brutus and Cassius, Mark Antony and his beloved Cleopatra, and Gaius Macchius Cornelius were the main sources of Shakespeare's plays. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, staged at the globe in 1599, was the first in a trilogy that followed Plutarch's lead and explored a crucial turning point in Roman history. In this play, Shakespeare made some adaptations of the events and characters of the two protagonists, so as to deeply discuss the republicanism in the past of the Roman republic, publicize it, and explore how to apply it to the current state affairs to serve the current era.

Foreign scholars' research on this script can be roughly divided into the following aspects.