摘 要

“陌生化”由 20 世纪初俄国形式主义者什洛克夫斯基提出，旨在通过陌生化艺术手法来展现一般常见事物，从而创造新奇独特的效果，增强读者对作品的审美体验与感知。作为费兹杰拉德的代表作，《了不起的盖茨比》的成功很大程度上得益于其对“陌生化”手法的娴熟运用。本文从循环叙事情节、多变叙事视角、丰富独特的象征三个陌生化策略在这部小说中的具体运用，重点分析了这一策略产生的陌生化效果以及对于“美国梦幻灭”这一主题传递的作用。

关键词：陌生化；费兹杰拉德；《了不起的盖茨比》

Contents

1. Introduction 1
2. Demonstration. 3
   1. Cyclical narrative plot as the technique of defamiliarization and its effect 3
      1. Gatsby’s plotline —Seeking after love from Daisy and losing love from Daisy 3
      2. Daisy’s plotline —Seeking after sense of security and losing sense of security 4
   2. Varied narrative focalization as the technique of defamiliarization and its effect 5
      1. First person external focalization 5
      2. Third person internal focalization 6
   3. Abundant unique symbols as the technique of defamiliarization and its effect 7
      1. Natural settings as symbol 7
      2. Color images as symbol 8
3. Conclusion 8

Works Cited 9

Bibliography 10

On Effects Achieved by Defamiliarization in The Great Gatsby

Introduction

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the representative writings of the Jazz Age in 1920s. Widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century, Fitzgerald is also considered as one of the spokesmen for the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s, a group of expatriates disillusioned by World War

I. Apart from his four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby and Tender Is the Night, Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of hope and despair of the youth generation. Up to now, on the basis of his life and books, more than 20 films have been produced.

F.Scott Fitzgerald’ s masterpiece The Great Gatsby is universally acclaimed as a classic in the American Literature, featuring as simple in plot, compact in structure and profound in thinking. The novel vividly depicts the mental activity of those who suffer from the disillusion of “American Dream”. With regard to the part of idealism and love, what are expressed to us are sorrow and grief, which embody the sympathy for this generation from the author. The Great Gatsby narrates the life and death of James Gatsby, a man who loses himself in the process of seeking after his ideal lover---Daisy but finally lost her. Daisy marries Tom who is a shallow man of upper social class. James Gatsby set it as a goal to retrieve his lost love. He leaves the arm and launches his bootlegging business to accumulate wealth and later he situates himself in a villa in the West Egg of New York City. Each night, his house is filled with light and joy. And it is in one party that the first narrator of the novel---Dick Carraway knows Gatsby and what he has experienced before. Finally, Gatsby is shot to death by Mr. Wilson, who considers Gatsby as the killer of Mrs. Wilson in a car accident. However, Gatsby is intended to protect Daisy who is the real killer of Mrs. Wilson. What is the most tragic part of the novel is when few people appear at Gatsby’s funeral, compared with the previous parties filled with cars and people, coming and going.

As a principal concept put forward by the Russian Formalist movement in the second decade of the twentieth century, defamiliarization was first put forward by Russian Formalist Victor Shklovsky in his essay “Art as Technique” in 1917, which was described by Boris Eichenbaum as “a kind of manifesto of the Formalist Method.” Just as implied from the name, to “defamiliarize” means to “make strange”. Victor Shklovsky advocates such principal as follows in the essay Art as Technique: