摘 要

目的论由德国两位著名的翻译理论家弗米尔（Hans J. Vermeer）和赖斯（Katherina Reiss）在20世纪80年代创立，提出具体翻译任务的行为目的决定了所要采取的翻译策略。目的论大胆地摆脱了当时盛极一时的等效论和语言学派的束缚，将翻译放在行为理论和跨文化框架中进行研究，解决了翻译界一直以来的直译与意译之争。由珍妮·凯利和茅国权合译的《围城》迄今为止唯一一部英译本，所收到的褒贬不一，其中对隐喻翻译所采取的策略方法为后续隐喻翻译研究提供了的蓝本，供后人学习借鉴。本文从目的论的角度分析《围城》英译本中隐喻的翻译策略和方法。

研究发现，在《围城》英译本中，针对三种类型不同的隐喻：结构隐喻、方位隐喻和本体隐喻，译者根据目的论的连贯原则、忠实原则和目的原则针对具体的隐喻翻译采用了保留喻体、替换喻体和增加注释的策略。如此，使译文更符合英语本族语读者的需求，让读者对汉语有更深的了解。由此可见，此译本为隐喻翻译方法和策略的选择研究提供了很大的指导。

关键词：围城；隐喻；目的论；跨文化翻译；珍妮·凯利和茅国权

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Research background 1

1.2 Significance of the study 2

1.3 Structure of the thesis 3

2. Demonstration 3

2.1 Literature Review 3

2.1.1 Skopotheorie 3

2.1.2 Metaphor 6

2.1.3 Studies on Fortress Besieged translation 7

2.2 Metaphor translation in Fortress Besieged 8

2.2.1 Structural metaphor 8

2.2.2 Orientational metaphor 9

2.2.3 Ontological metaphor. 10

3. Conclusion 13

Works Cited.................................................................................................................15

Bibliography.................................................................................................................18

Translation Strategies of Metaphors in Fortress Besieged from the Perspective of Skopotheorie

1. Introduction

1.1 Research background

Published in 1947, Fortress Besieged has been known as one of wonderful masterpieces of Chinese writer—Ch’ien Chung-shu. With its use of satire, the book has been widely considered as “one of modern China’s two best novels”. Reading Fortress Besieged cannot only focus on the plot but neglect the language like reading other normal novels. Regardless of the plot and theme, the novel is most successful and famous for its sophisticated language and subtle writing techniques. Using various kinds of metaphors, his work satirizes intellectuals of China during early anti-Japanese war.

Ch’ien Chung-shu has made outstanding achievement in Chinese literary research and creation and wined reputation worldwide. He devoted all his life to giving publicity to Chinese literature and art so as to get more people on the world to know more about the special value of Chinese culture. Meanwhile, he introduced foreign culture and works to China in order to promote interaction and communication between Chinese culture and Foreign culture.

As a milestone in Chinese literary arena in 1940s, Fortress Besieged caused a stir among the whole country after it was first published and soon sold out. According to the description of Fang Hung-chien’s life, the novel criticized the corruption and degeneration of authorities and education sector, and the backwardness and closeness of the rural areas. Secondly, through the description of the returning oversea students who were subservient to foreign things, the novel revealed the leading role of the tragedy is traditional culture. Through the analysis of the intellectuals’ characters, the work has profoundly reflected and criticized Chinese traditional culture. At last, the main idea of Fortress Besieged is that people who are in the city want to escape from while people who are outside the city want to rush in. It tells people that there exists Fortress Besieged everywhere in the life with eternal confusion and dilemma.

No matter how excellent and splendid a literature it is, in fact, it can hardly become global without the support of translation. Translation is not only the transfer of two languages but also two cultures. The translation of Fortress Besieged is not easy due to the complexity of metaphor translation, as well as the unique Chinese literary features and the vast culture gaps. Therefore, it is difficult to preserve the original meaning and beauty of target language in metaphor translation. The English version by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao achieved great popularity and success all over the world but also criticism.

1.2 Significance of the study

As Skopotheorie has special advantage of being more reasonable and acceptable for target readers. When it is applied to the translation of Fortress Besieged, it has the particular significance for translation works and provides a theoretical assessment and judgment for the work. From the perspective of Skopotheorie, translation of Fortress Besieged is in line with the law of coherence、fidelity and loyalty. Skopotheorie lays particular emphasis on adequacy and equivalence and regards them as the standard of translation. It involves great significances to apply Skopotheorie to metaphor translation. “Any literal work, whatever its content and text type, is the result of the author’s creative action. So as far as the literary translation is concerned, skopos theory can also be employed to solve its difficult and confusing problems (Chen, Hu, 2004). ” With the help of Skopotheorie, we can have a better understanding of metaphor translation strategies in Fortress Besieged.

1.3 Structure of the thesis

This study targets at investigating the metaphor translation strategies in Fortress Besieged under the guidance of the skopos theory. This thesis consists of three chapters.