摘 要

海明威在不同时期的作品中创作了大量的硬汉。这些人物具有相同的个性和生活经历，对社会和自己的态度相似。英雄具有巨大的身体潜力和勇气，无论他是一个战士、一个斗牛士、一个猎人还是一个渔夫，他的身体潜能都能在危急时刻被激活，从而创造出生命之美。这些硬汉在痛苦中表现出优雅的风度，在死亡面前充满勇气，在面对厄运时进行不屈地反抗。本文将通过分析《太阳照常升起》中的杰克，《告别了，武器》中的亨利上尉，《丧钟为之而鸣》中的约旦，《老人与海》中的圣地亚哥，来探寻海明威笔下硬汉形象的发展轨迹及群体特征。海明威倾向于让读者看到，英雄都以这样或那样的方式受到伤害，但他们并没有被击败，总能从毁灭中崛起。

关键词：硬汉；巨大压力；发展过程

Contents

1. Introduction...............................................................................................................1

2. Demonstration..................................................................................................2

2.1 The developing process of Hemingway’s code heroes..........................................2

2.1.1 Jack—a code hero just in spirit......................................................2

2.1.2 Henry—a code hero with passive action .........................................................3

2.1.3 Jordan—a code hero with active action..................................................4

2.1.4 Santiago—a sublimated code hero.................................................5

2.2 Features of Hemingway’s code heroes.............................................5

2.2.1 Style in suffering....................................................................6

2.2.2 Courage and resolution in face of death............................................................7

2.2.3 Unconquerable will against fate..................................................7

1. Conclusion................................................................................................................8

Works Cited........................................................................................10

Bibliography......................................................................................11

On Code Heroes in Hemingway’s Works

1. Introduction

Hemingway was a great American novelist in the twentieth century. He was born in a middle-class family in a small town called Rubber Plantation on the outskirts of Chicago on July 21, 1879. His mother taught him aesthetics, and his father taught him to hunt and catch fish. Hemingway grew up in love with nature and inherited his father’s rugged way. Later, he became a reporter and joined the army. He worked out a lot of vivid characters which are the model of Hemingway’s own yearning. These code heroes are accepted by the literary critics and the readers because of the elegance and human dignity under the pressure. The “image of the code hero” is an important symbol of the Hemingway style.

Hemingway’s fictions usually focus on people who confront the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein, is direct, terse, and often monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject matter. His distinctive writing style—known as the iceberg theory—characterized by economy and understatement, influenced the 20th-century fiction, as did his apparent life of adventure and the public image he cultivated. His protagonists are typically stoical men who exhibit an ideal described as grace under pressure. He produced most of his works between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature, and he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and The Sea, and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.

The “spirit of code heroes” is a major feature of Hemingway's protagonists. This thesis will analyze the developing process and the common characteristics of the code heroes images based on Hemingway's four representative works--The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old man and the Sea. The first part of this thesis gives a brief overview of the author's life, the background of his representative works, and the outline of the story. At the same time, it clarifies the content, purpose and significance of this thesis. The second part analyzes the characters and the development of code heroes images in Hemingway's works. The third part summarizes the common features of code heroes in Hemingway's four works, and inspires people to face real life with strong and brave style.