摘 要

 政府工作报告是对上一年政府工作的回顾和总结，同时也是对当年政府工作的规划和目标设定。随着改革开放的深入发展，以及经济全球化趋势的影响，我国在世界各国经济文化交流中日趋扮演者重要角色。而政府工作报告作为我国权威的外宣文件，是我国与世界各国经济文化政治交流的重要纽带，是外界了解中国状况的最权威的来源。因此，政府工作报告的英译本是外界了解中国的重要来源。而政府工作报告作为政治类文献，其间出现了许多中国特色性词汇，如何合理翻译这些词汇，使读者充分了解文本，也给译者带来了巨大的挑战。归化与异化是两种重要的翻译策略，并不完全等同于直译与意译，需要结合源语言和目的语的国家的文化背景，采用二者中哪一种翻译策略也是翻译家们一直争议不断的一个话题，本文以归化与异化为理论，对政府工作报告中的文化负载词分类，并对其翻译进行分析，从而总结出文化负载词翻译的一些策略，和翻译学习者可以一起进行交流和学习。

关键词：政府工作报告；文化负载词；归化；异化

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Research background 1

1.1.1 Status of foreign research 1

1.1.2 Status of domestic research 2

1.2 Research purpose 3

1.3Thesis framework 4

2 Demonstration 5

2.1 Domestication 5

2.2 Foreignization 6

2.3 Culture- loaded words 7

2.3.1 Meaning of culture- loaded words 7

2.3.2 Types of culture-loaded words 8

2.4 Introduction to the "Government Work Report" 9

2.5 Research on "Government Work Report" 9

2.6 Domestication and Foreignization of Culturally Loaded Words 11

2.6.1 Application of Domestication in Government Work Report 11

2.6.2 Application of Foreignization in Government Work Report 13

3 Conclusion 16

Works Cited 17

Bibliography 18

Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words from the Perspective of Domestication and Foreignization

1. Introduction

1 Introduction

Nowadays, with the improvement of China's economic strength and comprehensive national strength, we have increasingly close exchanges with other countries. Though the government work report is China's political literature, the English translation of government work reports also plays an important role in other countries. It plays an important role during political, economic and cultural exchanges . There are many characteristic words in the government work report, which puts higher demands on the translators, not only to preserve the cultural characteristics of the nation, but also to consider the environment and culture the readers exist. The interpretation terminology of domestication and foreignization was raised by the famed American translation theorist Lawrence Venuti in "Translator's Invisibility" in 1995.As two interpretation strategies, domestication and foreignization are various ,but also inseparable. (Venuti,1995))There are no utter naturalization and no utter alienation. During the practice of interpretation, the translator should achieve a specific and dynamic unity according to the specific features of the language, the source language and the language features of the national culture and the target language.

• 1. Research background
     1. Status of foreign research

From the perspective of linguistics, the translation theorist Eugene A. Nida proposed the famous "dynamic equivalence" translation theory, that is, "functional equivalence" according to the nature of translation. Nida believes that the translation should be as smooth and natural as possible, so that readers can feel the same from their own mother tongue and make it easier for readers to understand.(Nida)Professor Peter Newmark put forward the concepts of “semantic translation” and “communicative translation” in his book “Discussion on Translation” (Nida，1981). These two concepts are “alienation” and “naturalization” respectively in the discourse. Newmark's exhaustive expositions on semantic translation and communicative translation are refreshing and open up new ways of translation theory research, which has caused great repercussions in Western linguistics and translation theory. Lawrence Venuti's work "Translator's Stealing Translation History" (Venuti,1995) has a more compositive expression of the theory of foreignization interpretation. He believes that foreignization interpretation can "suppress the violence of ethnic centers in translation" and suppress The domestication of "violation" in English-speaking countries translates cultural values. As a result, the foreignization translation is also regarded as “resistance translation”, that is, the translator emphasizes the foreign identity of the foreign article in the interpreted works by adopting the unsmooth translation method, and protects the original text from the cultural ideology of the translated language. If so, he is not an invisible person of translation.

• • 1. Status of domestic research

The controversy of domestication and foreignization in China can be traced back to the controversy between literal translation and free translation from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties. Zhiqian in the Three Kingdoms period was the first translator of Chinese translation of Buddhist classics. In his article "The Preface to the Law", he put forward that "in essence, no decoration" ,which means to faithfully translate the original idea of the original text, and avoids adding unnecessary literary modifiers. This view of Zhiqian can be regarded as the origin of Chinese translation theory. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Dao An, a Buddhist enumerated the "five losses", that is, the five essentialities of the original text in the translation, and the "three is not easy." He firmly supported the alienation strategy, fearing that the assimilation strategy will lead to the lack of original text in the translation part, and it would destroy the originality of the original text. In order to maintain the exotic atmosphere in the translation, he insisted on the use of literal translation. In China, the true method of literal interpretation started in 1870.Since the Opium War (1894), lots of Chinese scholars and innovators were aware of the task of conveying Western advanced ideas and foreign literature. At that time, there was a binary opposition in translation theory, that is, the loyalty and fluency of the opposite. The difference in theory caused the difference in analytical methods. In the 1930s, Lu Xun and Qu Qiubai clearly advocated faithfulness to the original text. Fu Lei compared translation to copying pictures. In modern times, Liu Yingkai believed that the assimilation strategy would alter the objective reality of foreign countries and remove the national features of these countries, even the language of the original text can be assimilated, and the exotic elements of the original text can be adapted into content that conforms to the characteristics of the country. Another Chinese translator, Mr. Xu Yuanchong, believed that translation is a cultural competition between the original language and the target language. Interpreters should make good use of the target language in the translation process.(Xu Yuanchong)

Since the 21st century, Chinese translators have chosen to shift the focus of translation to the efficiency of intercultural communication in order to emphasize the importance of their culture. Thus, Chinese translators use assimilation strategies so that translations are easy to understand for the average reader. Alienation strategies will gradually emerge and occupy the main position. When using the assimilation strategy, the translator pursues the conflicts that may be avoided by foreign cultures, and at the same time ensures that the translations can satisfy the purpose of comfortable communication. When using the alienation strategy, the translator is not trying to circumvent the problem of cultural conflict, but to pursue the foreign flavor in the original text as much as possible in the translation, so that the translation is as faithful as possible to the original text. These two strategies take different approaches in order to achieve communication, but they are all closely linked to the cultural factor.

• 1. Research purpose

This paper mainly studies the translation of culture-loaded words under the theory of domestication and foreignization, taking the government work report as an example, and it studies how to translate Chinese-specific vocabulary in foreign documents. The government work report is a political document of our country and is authoritative. The importance of its English translation is unquestionable. In the process of translation, the foreignization translation strategy is adopted, so that readers can feel the culture and expression of the source country, and translators also adopt the domestication translation strategy, which is close to the reader's thinking mode. Through the translation of the characteristic vocabulary in the government work report, we can further understand the domestication and foreignization, and learn to use these two translation strategies reasonably when translating documents.

• 1. Thesis framework

The paper uses domestication and foreignization as the theoretical basis to study the translation method of Chinese vocabulary in the government work report. The author mainly divides the thesis into four chapters. The first chapter is used to introduce the research background and research purposes, and to make the research content. The second chapter is used to introduce the theoretical basis of the article, to analyze the translation theory of domestication and foreignization, and to analyze the research situation at home and abroad, and to classify the cultural load words, and to describe Nida’s Five culturally loaded words; the third chapter mainly introduces the characteristics of government work reports and analyzes their contents. The cultural load words in the government work report are divided into three categories: Chinese vocabulary, abbreviated vocabulary and four-word vocabulary. Finally, the translation of culturally loaded words in the report is analyzed and introduced by the theory of domestication and foreignization. The fourth chapter is the summary of the thesis and some shortcomings in the process of writing the thesis.