摘 要

学界对汉语语气词的研究由来已久，研究成果也非常丰富。口语化的表达方式尤其是语气词的使用是散文的一大特点。通过使用语气词，作者能够实现情感的自然表达，精神境界的物我统一。英语中没有语气词，其表达语气的方式不同于汉语。对译者来说，怎样有效地将汉语独有的语气词翻译成英语一直是一个大的挑战。

本文共为五部分。第一部分绪论简要介绍了本文研究背景、研究意义和研究方法，并对英汉语气系统和语气词英译的研究进行了文献综述。第二部分对比分析了英语语气系统和汉语语气系统，从语气类别和语气表达手段两方面归纳了两者的异同。第三部分对朱自清的两篇代表作《荷塘月色》和《匆匆》进行研究，列举了文中运用的典型语气词“呢”、“吧”、“了”、“的”及探讨了它们的用法和情态意义。第四部分以张培基和朱纯深的英译本为研究对象，结合具体例句分析译文中翻译语气词时所使用的翻译策略，其中包括运用语调、英语情态词、语气的转换、时态的选择及次要语气的弱化。第五部分是本文的结论部分，从几个方面对全文进行总结，并提出未来的研究展望。

关键词：语气词；英汉语气系统；翻译策略；中国散文

Abstract

The research of Chinese modal particles has a long history and the research results are rich. Chinese prose is a natural flow of speech in which the colloquial expression especially the use of modal particles is a remarkable characteristic. By using modal particles, the author can implement the natural expression of emotion and achieve the coexistence and unity of man and nature. There are no modal particles in English, the devices of expressing mood are different from Chinese. How can modal particles, which are peculiar to Chinese, be successfully translated into English remains a great challenge to translators.

The paper consists of five parts. The first part is introduction. It briefly introduces the research background, research significance and research methods, and reviews the researches of English and Chinese mood systems and translation of modal particles. The second part compares English and Chinese mood systems and categorizes the similarities and differences from mood categories and expression devices of mood. The third part studies the typical modal particles “ne”（呢）, “ba”（吧）, “le”（了）, “de”（的) in Zhu Ziqing’s two representative works, Moonlight over the Lotus Pond and Transient Days and analyzes their usages and modal meanings. Based on Zhang Peiji and Zhu Chunshen’s translations, the fourth part probes into the devices and translation strategies employed with specific examples, including the use of English intonations, English modal words, transformation of moods, selection of proper English tenses and weakening of minor moods. The fifth part is the conclusion part. The whole paper will be summarized from several perspectives, and future research prospects will be proposed.

Key words: modal particles; English and Chinese mood systems; translation strategies, Chinese proses

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 Research Significance 2

1.3 Structure of the Paper 3

2 Comparison of English and Chinese Mood Systems 4

2.1 Definition of Mood in English and Chinese Study 4

2.2 The Similarities between English and Chinese Mood Systems 4

2.3 The Differences between English and Chinese Mood Systems 5

2.3.1 The differences of mood categories 5

2.3.2 The differences of expression devices of mood 6

3 Modal Particles in Zhu Ziqing’s Moonlight over the Lotus Pond and Transient Days 8

3.1 Chinese Modal Particles 8