摘 要

艾丽斯·沃克的成长时期恰逢民权运动和妇女解放运动蓬勃发展的时代。在这两场运动的影响下，许多黑人女作家打破沉默，开始在她们的作品中揭露黑人女性的不幸经历和创伤。 爱丽丝•沃克就是其中之一。她不仅是当代美国文坛杰出的黑人女作家，提出了著名的女性主义理论，而且她也致力于运用创作对这一理论进行阐释。她认为不同肤色的人种就像不同颜色的花，各种颜色的花朵竞相开放，就像所有种族的人和谐共存。沃克在她的文学创作中提出并发展了这一理论，特别是在前期的文学创作中，她一直致力于描绘黑人女性的生活状况，生动地描绘黑人女性的生活场景，揭露种族主义和性别歧视对她们心理和身体所造成的创伤及其所导致的身份认同危机。

然而，在许多黑人女性文学作品中，黑人和白人，男人和女人往往表现为对立面，表现为一方压制另一方，或一方服从另一方，体现边缘与中心，弱小与强大的对抗。 而这种对抗似乎很难调和。然而，沃克主张“女性主义”不同于传统的“女权主义”，并不意味着鲁莽抵制权力，也不是试图寻求边缘角色和主流角色之间的转换从而得以打破旧有权力的平衡。相反，她更渴望寻求一种有利于达到平衡的力量，实现不同种族，不同性别之间的真正和谐共生，这正是她的作品中所集中体现的女性主义思想核心。

关键词：爱丽丝•沃克；创伤；身份认同；女性主义

Abstract

Alice Walker lives in the times when the two movements - the Civil Rights Movement and the Women's Liberation Movement are booming. Under the influence of these two movements, many black female writers broke their silence and published works by revealing their own traumatic experiences as black women. So did Alice walker. She is an outstanding black woman writer of modern American literature. She coined the famous notion of womanism and developed the theory in her works in detail. She believes that the skin color of human beings is just the same as that of flowers. A multifarious natural environment indicates compatibility and sustainability of all species. Likewise, a harmonious world also consists of people of different races living in a balanced manner. Walker has developed and expunded the womanist theory in her own writing, especially in her early works. She has always devoted herself to depicting the living conditions of black women with graphic and vivid scenes of black women being maltreated. Hence, she used her works to expose the devastating effects of racism and sexism, psychologically and physically. Furthermore, she reveals the trauma and the entailed identity crisis caused by racism and sexism.

In conventional black and feminist literature, blacks and whites, men and women often appear as opposites, manifesting a contradiction with one side suppressing the other, or one party submitting to the other. This contradiction embodies the confrontation between the marginal and the center, the weak and the powerful. Nevertheless, this confrontation seems difficult to reconcile. However, Walker advocates that, different from traditional feminist movements, womanism does not mean recklessly resistance or rejection, nor does it imply an attempt to break the balance of the existing power in order to seek conversions between marginal and mainstream roles. On the contrary, she is more enthusiastic to seek a force that is conducive to achieving a new balance and realizing a truly harmonious symbiosis among different races and different genders. The idea of Womanism in that sense is precisely what Alice Walker manages to convey in her writings.

Key Words: Alice Walker; trauma; identity; womanism

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Literature Review 1

1.1.1 A review of studies abroad 1

1.1.2 A review of domestic studies 2

1.2 Alice Walker as A Womanist 3