摘 要

《丧钟为谁而鸣》以西班牙反法西斯战争为题材，是海明威最具思想性的代表作之一。本文旨在分析小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》中所体现的英雄主义以及英雄主义的影响和意义。文章第一部分主要介绍了作家海明威的生平和《丧钟为谁而鸣》的主要情节内容。第二部分首先介绍了西方文化中英雄主义起源和发展变化，和海明威自身的英雄主义情结；然后分析了英雄主义在小说中的体现，乔丹的英雄事迹和他所体现的英雄主义；最后分析了英雄主义的意义和影响，在混乱的战争背景下，英雄主义激励人们，直面死亡，追求人生价值。第三部分，得出结论。

关键词：海明威；《丧钟为谁而鸣》；罗伯特·乔丹；英雄主义；战争；死亡

A Study of Heroism in For Whom the Bell Tolls

1. Introduction

Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961) was an American writer who was considered as one of most famous novelists in 20^th century. He wrote several novels in his life, such as The Old Man and the Sea, The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and so on. In 1954, he won the Nobel Prize in literature for The Old Man and the Sea. Hemingway was the representative of lost generation writers. His works show his confusion and hesitation about the world, society and life. He has always been known as a tough guy in the literary world and he is the spiritual monument of the American nation. Hemingway's works marked the formation of his unique writing style, and played an important role in the history of American literature and even the world literature.

In 1937, Hemingway went to the front of the Spanish Civil War as a war correspondent. And in 1940, he published an anti-fascist novel For Whom the Bell Tolls which was based on the Spanish Civil War. The novel tells a story that Robert Jordan, a young American, a college Spanish teacher, came to Spain after the war broke out and joined the ranks of the anti fascist war. He volunteered to participate in the Spanish government force, engaged in blasting behind enemy lines. To cooperate with the counter attack, he was ordered to contact the local guerrillas to complete the task of blowing up the bridge. He won over the support of Pablo’s wife Pilar and the rest of the team, isolated the guerrilla captain, Pablo who had lost heart and arranged their specific tasks systematically. In the flames of war, he fell in love with Maria, a girl in Pilar’s care. In the three days, Robert Jordan underwent conflict between love and duty and the test of life and death. Finally, his thigh was wounded by the enemy. He was left alone to stop the enemy and gave his young life for Spanish. The story in the novel takes place in three days during the Spanish Civil war. Time is short, but the theme is clear. The hero of the novel, Robert Jordan, loved life and had his own faith, and had a great hatred of fascism. He volunteered to join the ranks of the anti fascist. When he was in the face of choice, he was brave enough to firm his belief and was willing to sacrifice himself. When he faced death, he did not flinch and never stop fighting and struggling. Though he is dead finally, his spirit and belief is on. Heroes never die.

For Whom the Bell Tolls is one of Hemingway’s masterpiece, the longest novel of Hemingway and an important work of connecting the past and the future. This novel had a great influence in American literary circles. It has been translated into dozens of language and published around the world. In his books, Hemingway shaped various heroes and this novel is no exception. Many scholars have researched the heroism in For Whom the Bell Tolls at home and abroad, but it is still necessary to study more.

This paper aims to analyze the heroism from characters in this novel. The first part focuses on the definition of heroism. The second part analyzes the embodiment of heroism in the novel. And the third part will explore the value of the heroism.