摘 要

2007年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，曾被誉为女性经历的史诗作者，以其怀疑态度，才华激情和远见，审视被割裂的文明的英国伟大女作家多丽丝·莱辛，在当代英国文坛占据重要地位，并以其作品人物个性鲜明而备受关注。她的作品风格多变、思想深邃、见解新颖，涉及女性主义、两性关系、阶级冲突、种族矛盾等社会问题和政治事件。小说《屋顶丽人》就是其中的代表作。

愤恨是人们生活中的一种普遍情感。一般被用来表达对某人或某物的极度厌恶。文学作品中对愤恨这种情感的描写往往有着丰富的象征性含义和引申意义。所以对“愤恨”的解析通常能够帮助读者更好地把握文学作品的故事脉络及其思想主旨。本文通过对《屋顶丽人》中三位男主人公各自“愤恨”的分析，结合对他们内心及其对丽人反应的描写，探寻他们“愤恨”的自然原因、社会原因和心理原因。此外，本文还分析了小说中的愤恨描写对人物刻画、氛围渲染、推动情节发展和主题深化等的作用，以期加强读者对故事中各种矛盾冲突和两性关系的了解，揭示了小说的多重主题并展现了莱辛对下层劳苦大众的关怀和同情。

关键词：《屋顶丽人》；愤恨；阶级矛盾；两性关系

Abstract

The 2007 Nobel Prize in literature winner, the great British female writer —Doris Lessing, is once honored as the epicist of the female experience, who with skepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny. She occupies an important place in the contemporary British literary arena and attracts readers’ much concern for distinct characters in her works. Her works broadly involve social problems and political issues like feminism, gender relation, racial tension and class conflicts, and they are characterized by the flexible style, profound thought and innovative ideas. The novel A Woman on a Roof can be counted as a vivid example among her works.

Hatred is a common feeling in people’s daily life. In general, it was used to express an angry feeling of extreme dislike for somebody or something. The descriptions of hatred in literary works usually contain abundant symbolic meanings and implied meanings. Therefore the analysis of “hatred” becomes very significant for it can usually help readers quickly master the plot and theme of literary works. This paper attempts to analyze the hatred of three male characters in A Woman on a Roof, combining with the descriptions of their varied thoughts and responses to that lady—the female character of the story, and to explore the natural, social and psychological reasons of their anger. Moreover, the paper probes into the functions of hatred in characters’ descriptions, atmosphere rendering, plot development and theme promotion, so as to enhance readers’ understanding of various conflicts and gender relation of the then society, and to reveal the multiple themes as well as Lessing’s concern about the underclass people.

Key Words：A Woman on a Roof；hatred；class contradictions；gender relation

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Doris Lessing and A Woman on a Roof 1

1.2 Literature Review 2

1.3 The Significance of the Paper 3

1.4 The Layout of the Paper 3

2 Harry’s Hatred 4

2.1 Natural Environment’s Factor of Hatred’s Formation 4

2.2 Social Environment’s Factor of Hatred’s Formation 5

2. 3 Psychological Factor of Hatred’s Formation 6

3 Stanley’s Hatred 7

3. 1 Natural Environment’s Factor of Hatred’s Formation 8

3. 2 Social Environment’s Factor of Hatred’s Formation 8

3. 3 Psychological Factor of Hatred’s Formation 9

4 Tom’s Hatred 11