摘 要

奥斯卡·王尔德一直是西方文学界的研究热点。其作品及其精神世界中所体现的矛盾性更是引起人们的广泛关注。如今国内外已有一些以其作品为研究方向的学术成果。例如，从其作品中的宗教原型入手分析王尔德的宗教观以及唯美主义审美观；一些研究学者试图从死亡主题的文学角度透析王尔德的内心世界；另外一些深入挖掘王尔德对艺术之美的执着追求。然而，很少有人从其同性恋身份的角度去探讨王尔德的作品。在为数不多的从同性恋角度入手的分析里，大多得出同性恋取向损害了王尔德的创作才华的结论。笔者认为对其同性恋身份的偏见和片面理解不利于对王尔德的全面评价。

本文旨在探讨王尔德写作中的同性恋影响。将从四个部分来论述：一是根据弗洛伊德《性欲三论》中的相关理论分析王尔德同性恋的成因与发展；二是从王尔德的作品出发，分析其作品中所暗含的同性恋因素。例如，在《道林格雷的画像》一书中，颇具绘画天赋的画家巴兹尔·霍尔华德在文中展现了其显著的同性恋倾向。此外，本文也将对王尔德的其他作品如《W.H.先生的自画像》以及《快乐王子和其它故事》进行进一步分析；三是通过对王尔德作品的解读，分析同性恋因素对其创作主题选择的深刻影响；文章最后做出总结，得出王尔德的同性恋情结有助于其创作获得成功这一结论。

关键词：奥斯卡·王尔德；同性恋；死亡；宽恕

Abstract

Researches on Oscar Wilde have always been hotpots in the circles of Western literature. In particular, the contradiction of his spiritual world conveyed in his works has drawn much attention. There are some major research orientations on his works. For instance, the analysis of the religious archetype of the characters in the novels reveals the profound implications of aestheticism and Oscar Wilde’s religious conception. Some scholars try to reach out for his inner emotion from the perspective of death. Besides, some dig into his sustained pursuit of the beauty of art. However, few researches delve into Oscar Wilde’s works from the standpoint of homosexuality. Even though some scholars try to explore the direction, the negative influence of homosexuality on Oscar Wilde makes up most of the page. In my view, prejudice and biased interpretation do no good to the overall study of Oscar Wilde. Homosexuality is one of the essential ingredients for his creation.

This paper is dedicated to discuss about the influence of homosexuality on Oscar Wilde’s writing. It is composed of four parts. The first part is mainly about Oscar Wilde’s growing environment that probably contributes to homosexuality according to Freud’s concept in Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality; the second part will demonstrate and analyze some of his works that imply homosexuality. For example, the homosexual tendency of the talented painter Basil Hallward was manifested in The Picture of Dorian Gray. Besides, The Portrait of Mr. W. H.and The Happy Prince and Other Tales will also be given further analysis; in the third part, the influence of homosexuality on Wilde’s writing themes shall be presented; at the end of the paper, the author concludes that homosexuality conduces to Wilde’s success in writing.

Key words: Oscar Wilde; homosexuality; death; forgiveness

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Subjective and Objective Factors in the Development of Wilde’s Homosexuality 3

3 Homosexuality Implied in Wilde’s Works 6

3.1 The Happy Prince and Other Tales—A Vague Description of Homosexuality 6

3.2 The Portrait of Mr. W. H.—A Tentative Statement about Homosexuality 9

3.3 The Picture of Dorian Gray—A Direct Expression of Homosexuality 11

4 The Influence of Homosexuality on the Writing Themes 14

5 Conclusion 16